Gordon Rajendram the soil scientist

January 2024

The Importance of Mycorrhizal Fungi in New Zealand’s Native Ecosystems: Emphasising Soil Fertility and Farming Practices

An opinion piece by Dr Gordon Rajendram New Zealand’s native ecosystems are renowned for their uniqueness and biodiversity, and a hidden but crucial player in these ecosystems is mycorrhizal fungi, which plays a significant role in soil fertility in New Zealand. These remarkable organisms form symbiotic relationships with plants, aiding in nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and overall ecosystem health, underscoring the Importance of soil health. In New Zealand, mycorrhizal fungi are particularly important for the vitality of the country’s native flora and Farm profitability. Symbiotic Partners and Soil Health: Mycorrhizal fungi, as highlighted by soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram, Hamilton, establish mutually beneficial partnerships with the roots of most plant species in New Zealand. There are two primary types of mycorrhizal associations: ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM). Both types play vital roles in native ecosystems, enhancing soil health: Ectomycorrhizal (EM) Fungi: These fungi form a sheath around the roots and assist in nutrient absorption, particularly in tree species like the iconic New Zealand kauri, beech, and pine. EM fungi enhance the ability of these trees to extract nutrients from the soil, promoting their growth and survival, and contributing to soil fertility in New Zealand. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi and Fertilisation: These fungi penetrate the root cells of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and many native species. They provide a range of benefits, including improved access to essential nutrients like phosphorus, enhanced tolerance to environmental stress, and resistance to pathogens, impacting Fertilisation strategies. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health and Recession: The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand’s native ecosystems cannot be overstated. These fungi contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem health, addressing the challenges of Recession: Nutrient Cycling and Inflation in New Zealand: Mycorrhizal fungi aid in nutrient cycling by improving plant nutrient acquisition. This facilitates the growth of a diverse array of plant species and enhances the overall health of the ecosystem. Plant Succession and Farming Practices in New Zealand: In disturbed areas, mycorrhizal fungi play a vital role in the facilitation of plant succession, allowing for the recovery of native vegetation and the restoration of ecosystem functions, impacting farming practices in New Zealand. Erosion Control and Farm profitability: The establishment of mycorrhizal associations contributes to improved soil structure and stability, reducing soil erosion in native ecosystems, ultimately affecting farm profitability. Resilience to Climate Change and Soil Health: Mycorrhizal fungi can enhance plant resilience to changing environmental conditions, such as drought or altered soil chemistry, helping native species adapt to climate change while addressing soil health. Recognising the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand’s native ecosystems, especially regarding soil fertility in New Zealand, is fundamental to the conservation and restoration of these unique environments. Protecting the health of these symbiotic relationships contributes to the preservation of the country’s unparalleled biodiversity and the sustainability of its ecological treasures. As New Zealand continues its efforts in ecosystem conservation, the role of mycorrhizal fungi remains a pivotal piece of the puzzle in maintaining the health of its native flora. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay Phone: 0274 587 724 Email: phillip@mediapa.co.nz  Website: https://mediapa.co.nz/ Facebook: facebook.com/mediapa

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Ashburton-based Agraforum NZ are Ready to Bring their Science and Products to The Southern Field Days next month.

The countdown is underway as Agraforum NZ gears up for its inaugural appearance at the Southern Field Days next month where it will not just be about showcasing revolutionary products; but also a vision that goes beyond economic benefits. This also marks a momentous return for the three-day Southern Field Days after a four-year hiatus. The transformation of the Waimumu site from sheep paddocks to a bustling venue with over 700 exhibitors has officially commenced. “Part of what we do is for the good of the land, it’s a great country we have here,” emphasises Agraforum’s managing director, Allan Piercy. In a country as remarkable as New Zealand, Agraforum recognises the importance of stewardship for sustainability, and their products extend beyond providing economic advantages. The agricultural solutions offered by Agraforum come with compliance and environmental pluses, contributing to an approach that benefits both farmers and the environment. The Southern Field Days, scheduled for February 14-16 , at Waimumu near Gore, is a key event that draws farmers, industry professionals, and agricultural enthusiasts from across the region. Agraforum’s participation in this prestigious event underscores their commitment to engaging with the farming community, sharing insights, and fostering a dialogue about the future of agriculture. Beyond the economic benefits, Agraforum’s mission is simple yet profound: they want farmers to see better results through products firmly rooted in proven science. The focus on science underscores the commitment to delivering solutions that are not just innovative but also backed by rigorous research and testing. The Southern Field Days promise not only a showcase of innovative agricultural solutions but also a dynamic program for attendees. Starting on Wednesday, 14th February, with the Tractor Pull Briefing at 8:30 am, the event includes Tractor Pull Heats, Farm Innovation Awards judging, and a Chairman and Mayoral Welcome, offering a day packed with agricultural insights and entertainment. Thursday brings more excitement with the Tractor Pull and the NZFC South Island Doubles Fencing Competition, concluding with a family-friendly Kids Colouring in Competition prize-giving. The final day, Friday, features presentations, the highly anticipated Tractor Pull Final, and the thrilling Speedshear event at the MLT Bar. This diverse program ensures a captivating experience for all attendees. As Agraforum steps onto the stage at the Southern Field Days, visitors can expect more than just a display of products; they can anticipate a conversation about the future of farming—one that prioritises sustainability, compliance, and, above all, better results for those who work the land. Agraforum is not just joining an event; they are contributing to a narrative that shapes the future of agriculture in New Zealand. Wednesday 14th February 2024 8.30am – Tractor Pull Briefing (Times may vary due to the weather. Listen to the PA) 9.00am – Tractor Pull Heats 9.00am – Farm Innovation Awards – Judging begins 11:00am – Chairman & Mayoral Welcome in front of Office Thursday 15th February 2024 8.30am – Tractor Pull Briefing (Times may vary due to the weather. Listen to the PA) 8.30am – NZFC South Island Doubles Fencing Competition (Judges Briefing) Demonstration Area. South Islands leading fencers are lining up to compete in this national level fencing competition. 9.00am – Tractor Pull Heats 11:30am – Prize giving for Kids Colouring in Competition out the front of the office Friday 16th February 2024 12:00pm – Presentations in front of the Office. 1:00pm – Tractor Pull Final (approximate, listen to the P.A.) 2:30pm – Speedshear (at the MLT Bar) Check out Agraforums updated website to learn more about what they can bring to the table. http://www.agraforum.co.nz Southern Field Days www.southernfielddays.co.nz Contact Agraforum Mobile: 0274 485 159Email: allan@agraforum.co.nz www.agraforum.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay phillip@mediapa.co.nzP: 0274 587 724www.mediapa.co.nz

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Ashburton’s Agraforum’s Revolutionary Products: Cultivating Prosperity from the Ground Up

In the world of agriculture, Agraforum stands out as a beacon of innovation, offering a suite of groundbreaking products designed to transform the way we nurture our crops. With a focus on enhancing soil health and plant metabolism, Agraforum’s offerings are ushering in a new era of sustainable and high-yield farming. EnviroCal, a key player in Agraforum’s arsenal, introduces ionised calcium to the soil, triggering swift transformations in both soil structure and plant metabolism. Thus deepening the the aerobic zone and improving water holding capacity. The result is a cascade of benefits, including stimulated growth of soil microbes, and improved overall plant health. This, in turn, translates to higher-quality feed and less irrigation needed. ComCat takes a natural approach by activating growth and defense mechanisms within plants. Boosting the communication of genetic messages, and bolstering resistance to diseases and pests as well as accelerating root and leaf growth. Meanwhile, ZumSil provides a shield against insects, diseases, and water stress, improving mineral uptake and soil texture. Peptonic steps in with concentrated minerals, fortifying plants against extreme weather conditions and optimizing photosynthesis and flowering.  ReSTORE, another gem in the Agraforum collection, is the remedy for plants damaged by herbicides, ensuring optimal growth and reducing susceptibility to alternative yields. Crop Candy, with its focus on photosynthesis, even flowering, and metabolism, minimises stress in plants. ERGO CALF Shed Spray addresses respiratory health in calves, reducing mortality and ammonia levels without disrupting livestock. ECO Flush targets pond health, reducing solids and unpleasant odors, ensuring efficient nutrient absorption when irrigated back onto the farm. Due to the break down nature, cleaning of effluent ponds will be unecessary. MSR plays a pivotal role in increasing mineral content, revitalise depleted soil, supply phosphates to enhance yields, and reduce reliance on conventional chemicals. Containing 74 of the 121 available minerals in the world, this product takes care of mineral deficiency in the soil.  AnnGro serves as a water soluble uptake enhancer, aiding in the affect of substances like pesticides and liquid nutrients. This innovative solution empowers farmers to efficiently boost their mineral uptake and effectiveness of sprays. Agraforum’s commitment to sustainable agriculture is evident in its comprehensive product lineup, promising not just increased yields but a healthier and more resilient farming ecosystem. As we navigate the challenges of modern agriculture, Agraforum’s revolutionary products serve as a beacon, pointing the way to a greener, more prosperous future. Contact Agraforum Mobile: 0274 485 159Email: allan@agraforum.co.nz www.agraforum.co.nz Contact Phillip Quayphillip@mediapa.co.nzP: 0274 587 724www.mediapa.co.nz

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Agraforum NZ from Ashburton Are Set to Make Waves as First-Time Exhibitors at Waimumu Southern Field Days

It’s been a long-awaited moment for exhibitors and enthusiasts alike as the Southern Field Days site in Waimumu gears up for a spectacular event after a four-year hiatus. With anticipation building, Agraforum NZ is ready to make its mark as a first-time exhibitor at one of Southland’s biggest gatherings. Southern Field Days President Steve Henderson expressed his excitement, stating, “Everything’s going bloody good, the committee’s working away getting things done, and we’re looking forward to a great event for exhibitors and the public.” After the cancellation in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, this year’s event is nearly sold out, with a waiting list for exhibitors and an estimated 700 expected to participate. In a climate where economic recovery is a top priority, the Southern Field Days offer a valuable platform for businesses and farmers. The public can conveniently navigate the event using an app to locate specific exhibitors. Additionally, Spark and OneNZ are installing temporary cell towers to enhance internet access, ensuring a seamless experience for attendees. While acknowledging the challenges faced by farmers in recent years, Henderson remains optimistic about the event’s impact. “Farmers will definitely be looking for deals, and it will be a good chance for them to get off the farm and catch up with people and have a yarn.” Gore Mayor Ben Bell, attending the Southern Field Days for the first time, anticipates substantial economic benefits for eastern Southland. With approximately 700 exhibitors, the event is poised to bring in a significant boost, comparable to the annual Tussock Country event, contributing around $2 million to the local economy. Visitors to the Southern Field Days are invited to explore Agraforum’s exhibit and engage with experts to learn how their innovative products have redefined farming outcomes in New Zealand and beyond. As a first-time exhibitor, Agraforum brings not only revolutionary products but also a legacy of agricultural excellence that has shaped farming practices worldwide. For those eager to witness the future of farming, Agraforum’s debut at the Southern Field Days promises to be a must-attend showcase of cutting-edge technology and insights shaping the agricultural landscape. Check out Agraforums updated website to learn more about what they can bring to the table. http://www.agraforum.co.nz Southern Field Days www.southernfielddays.co.nz Contact Agraforum Mobile: 0274 485 159Email: allan@agraforum.co.nz www.agraforum.co.nz Contact Phillip Quayphillip@mediapa.co.nzP: 0274 587 724www.mediapa.co.nz

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Hamilton-based Soil Scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram States The Importance of Liming Your Land

In the heart of New Zealand’s scenic Hill Country, where lush pastures meet rolling landscapes, lies a crucial yet often overlooked factor in farm management—liming. Dr. Gordon Rajendram, a prominent Hamilton-based Soil Scientist, emphasises the pivotal role of lime application in transforming agricultural outcomes. This article explores the multifaceted benefits of liming, drawing on Dr. Rajendram’s expertise and insights garnered over years of scientific research. Increased Pasture Production The primary objective of lime application in agriculture is to boost pasture production. By elevating soil pH, lime catalyses a cascade of effects on major and trace elements, including nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, manganese, boron, zinc, and aluminium. Dr. Rajendram notes that lime has a ‘phosphate sparing effect’ under specific conditions, enhancing the availability of essential nutrients. Furthermore, liming improves soil physical structure and moisture retention. The positive impact extends to soil fauna, particularly earthworms and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, working synergistically to significantly increase pasture production. Scientific Trials Proving the Power of Lime Over the last six decades, extensive scientific research, including trials by M.A.F., D.S.I.R., and universities such as Massey and Lincoln, has underscored the profound impact of lime on pasture production. Trials in Northland, such as the Kamo, Waiotira-Gunson, and Lovegrove trials, revealed substantial increases in production ranging from 15% to an impressive 31% through liming. These trials, conducted on diverse pasture types, showcase lime’s versatility in enhancing productivity across varied farming conditions. The trials in Northland have enabled the prediction of pasture responses based on initial soil pH and lime application quantity. Dr. Rajendram emphasises the importance of reaching an optimum pH level (6.0-6.2) promptly for enhanced pasture responses. Figures derived from the Lovegrove trials provide a visual representation of pasture responses across a pH range, offering farmers insights into expected outcomes based on their specific conditions. Improving Soil Moisture and Structure Liming, as Dr. Rajendram explains, plays a crucial role in increasing soil moisture levels, particularly after rainfall in March-April. The Whatawhata Hill Research Centre showcased a tripling of herbage yield within two years through lime application, emphasising the significant impact on soil moisture content. Farmers have long acknowledged the positive influence of lime on heavy soils, as it reduces stickiness, lightens cultivation, and facilitates the breakdown of clods. Dr. Rajendram attributes these improvements to increased bacterial activity, promoting organic matter decomposition and soil crumb formation, with a notable indirect benefit being the substantial increase in earthworm numbers and activity. Earthworm Activity and Beneficial Effects Casting earthworms, vital for soil health, respond favourably to liming as it supplies essential calcium, leading to increased earthworm production and activity. Trials indicate significant increases in earthworm numbers, with the potential to double or even triple infiltration rates of rainwater. Earthworms, integral to nutrient recycling and improved soil structure, contribute to a 72% increase in spring pasture production. Their activities enhance water infiltration, reduce runoff, erosion, and flooding, and increase nutrient availability in the soil. Liming emerges as a catalyst for the proliferation of beneficial earthworm species. Financial Challenge While the benefits of liming are unequivocal, Dr. Rajendram acknowledges the challenges faced by New Zealand farmers. Many Hill Country farms grapple with alarmingly low soil pH levels, impacting pasture production and clover growth. The cost of lime application, especially through aerial methods, poses a financial barrier. Dr. Rajendram urges farmers to adopt a long-term plan, combining lime and fertiliser application within budget constraints. Soil and Pasture Testing The solution, Dr. Rajendram asserts, lies in comprehensive soil and pasture testing. Understanding the specific mineral needs of the soil enables informed decision-making, ensuring optimal lime and fertilizer application. Expert advice, aligned with a strategic plan, becomes paramount in addressing soil acidity and fostering sustainable farming practices. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

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Restoring Soil Health in New Zealand’s Afforested Landscapes: Challenges and Opportunities by Hamilton-based leading soil scientist Dr. Gordon Rajendram

New Zealand, renowned for its stunning landscapes and diverse ecosystems, is on a journey to restore the health of its afforested landscapes. Afforestation, the process of establishing forests on previously unforested land, has been a critical strategy for combating climate change and protecting the environment. However, the long-term health of these newly established forests relies on restoring and maintaining soil health. Here, we delve into the challenges and opportunities of revitalising soil health in New Zealand’s afforested landscapes, as viewed by Soil scientist Gordon Rajendram. Challenges:  Soil Erosion: During afforestation, the removal of existing vegetation can lead to soil erosion. Exposed soil is vulnerable to the elements, particularly in areas with heavy rainfall, causing erosion that threatens the stability of the newly planted forests. Soil Compaction: The use of heavy machinery during afforestation can compact the soil, reducing its porosity and water infiltration capacity. Compacted soils are less productive and more susceptible to erosion. Nutrient Depletion: Growing trees require essential nutrients, and afforestation can deplete the soil of these nutrients over time. The soil’s ability to support plant growth diminishes, affecting the long-term health of the forest. Opportunities:  Reforestation Techniques: New Zealand can employ reforestation techniques that reduce soil disturbance, such as no-till farming or aerial seeding. These methods help maintain soil structure and reduce the risk of erosion. Native Planting: Choosing native plant species for afforestation can enhance soil health. Native plants are adapted to local conditions, reducing the need for excessive fertilization and pest control, and they can help rebuild soil microbial communities. Agroforestry: Combining forestry with agriculture through agroforestry practices provides opportunities for diversifying land use and enhancing soil health. Agroforestry integrates trees or shrubs with traditional agricultural crops, improving overall soil stability and nutrient cycling. Soil Amendments: Adding organic matter, such as compost or cover crops, can rejuvenate depleted soils and promote microbial activity. This improves nutrient cycling and increases the soil’s ability to retain moisture. Conservation Efforts: Initiatives to preserve indigenous forests can reduce the need for afforestation on pristine land, preserving vital ecosystems while directing reforestation efforts toward areas that need restoration. Collaboration: Collaboration among government agencies, environmental organizations, and local communities is essential for the success of soil restoration efforts by Soil scientist Gordon Rajendram. These partnerships can pool resources, share knowledge, and implement best practices. Restoring soil health in New Zealand’s afforested landscapes is a complex yet critical endeavour. By addressing the challenges and seizing the opportunities presented, New Zealand can continue to be a global leader in sustainable forestry and environmental conservation, ensuring that afforested landscapes are not only a climate change solution but also thriving ecosystems for generations to come. Contact Dr. Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay Phone: 0274 587 724 Email: phillip@mediapa.co.nz  Website: https://mediapa.co.nz/  Facebook: facebook.com/mediapa

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Mitigating Soil Erosion in New Zealand: Strategies and Success Stories

An opinion piece by Hamilton-based leading soil scientist Dr. Gordon Rajendram, highlighting Soil fertility in New Zealand, Farm profitability, and Farming Practices in New Zealand. New Zealand’s picturesque landscapes, fertile soils, and thriving agriculture are iconic aspects of the nation’s identity. However, the country has faced challenges in recent years, notably concerning soil erosion, which has implications for Soil fertility in New Zealand. Soil erosion poses a threat to both agriculture, impacting Farm profitability, and the environment, but New Zealand has been proactive in implementing strategies to combat this issue, resulting in some noteworthy success stories. Challenges and Recession: Soil erosion, exacerbated by climate change, has been a growing concern, causing Recession concerns. Heavy rainfall, prolonged droughts, and severe storms can cause soil to wash away, leading to a range of problems such as reduced agricultural productivity, water pollution, and damage to ecosystems. Strategies for Mitigation and Soil Health: Afforestation: Planting trees, especially in vulnerable areas, has proven to be an effective way to reduce soil erosion. The roots of trees anchor the soil, preventing it from being washed away, contributing to Soil health. Contour Farming and Importance of soil health: This technique involves ploughing and planting crops in a manner that follows the natural contours of the land, reducing the flow of water and the potential for erosion, emphasizing the Importance of soil health and addressing the challenges of Farm profitability. Cover Crops and Fertilisation: Planting cover crops, like clover and ryegrass, between cash crops helps protect the soil by reducing runoff and increasing organic matter content, impacting Fertilisation strategies. Erosion Control Structures and Inflation in New Zealand: Implementing measures such as silt fences, sediment basins, and check dams can significantly reduce soil erosion, particularly on construction sites, thus addressing concerns related to Inflation in New Zealand. Success Stories and Farming Practices in New Zealand: Hill Country Erosion Control Programme: Initiated by the New Zealand government, this program supports farmers in the planting of erosion-prone hill country. This effort has not only reduced soil erosion but also increased the carbon storage capacity of the soil, impacting Farming Practices in New Zealand and Soil fertility in New Zealand. Waikato River Authority: By partnering with farmers and communities, this authority is working to reduce soil erosion, sediments, and nutrient runoff into the Waikato River, safeguarding water quality and aquatic ecosystems, and addressing concerns related to Soil health. Riparian Planting and Gordon Rajendram Hamilton: Numerous success stories involve the planting of native trees and grasses along waterways, which act as a buffer, preventing soil erosion and filtering pollutants from runoff, an approach supported by Soil scientist Gordon Rajendram Hamilton. Research and Education and Importance of soil health: New Zealand’s investment in soil erosion research and educational campaigns has raised awareness among farmers, leading to more widespread adoption of erosion mitigation practices, underscoring the Importance of soil health. While soil erosion remains a challenge in New Zealand, the nation’s proactive approach and the success stories of these mitigation strategies illustrate that there is hope for safeguarding the country’s fertile soils and stunning landscapes, ensuring a sustainable future for its agriculture, addressing concerns of Farm profitability, and preserving the Environment, ultimately impacting Soil fertility in New Zealand. Contact Phillip Quay Phone: 0274 587 724 Email: phillip@mediapa.co.nz  Website: https://mediapa.co.nz/  Facebook: facebook.com/mediapa Contact Dr. Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz

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