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As New Zealand’s pastoral sector grapples with ever tighter environmental thresholds around nitrate leaching, the science of soil carbon is emerging as a critical frontier. Dr Gordon Rajendram emphasises that rather than simply reducing nitrogen inputs, the key lies in redesigning the soil nitrogen cycle through enhanced carbon management. In grazed pastures, he notes, urine patches supply nitrogen at levels the plant microbe system cannot immediately assimilate, generating surplus nitrate vulnerable to leaching. By incorporating carbon rich amendments such as humates and biochar, Dr Rajendram explains, farmers can shift nitrogen into more stable forms. Carbon inputs strengthen microbial immobilisation, essentially giving soil microbes something to feed on so that nitrogen stays bound in organic forms rather than rapidly converting to nitrate. The effect is twofold: less nitrate escapes into groundwater, and more nitrogen remains available for plant uptake, boosting productivity. International research strongly supports this route. For instance, meta analysis work shows that biochar applications cut nitrous oxide emissions by around 54 percent on average. Lysimeter trials in New Zealand have gone further, recording reductions in nitrate leaching of 75 percent or more under ryegrass and clover systems when significant carbon amendments were applied. Dr Rajendram thus argues the challenge is not only finding the right products, but calibrating them for farm scale practicality: frequency, rate, and integration with grazing and fertiliser regimes. He counsels farmers to view soil carbon amendments as part of a broader system change. For example, pairing humates at around 10 kg/ha with each fertiliser pass, currently being trialled by some Taupō area dairy farms, is one promising model. Over time the build up of stable carbon enhances the soil’s sink capacity for nitrogen, making the system more resilient under high stocking and fertiliser loads. Dr Rajendram notes that this is just one effective strategy among several available to address nitrogen leaching. Different farm systems and soil types may require varied combinations of approaches, including changes to grazing management, fertiliser timing, and the introduction of cover crops or alternative pasture species. For farmers facing regulatory constraints, this science based approach offers a pathway that is both sustainable and productive. As Dr Rajendram says: “We can trap more nitrogen in the soil where plants can use it, or let microbes convert it harmlessly to N₂, rather than losing it to waterways.” The shift, he insists, will require better measurement, smarter amendments and a willingness to think long term. The payoff? Lower environmental footprint and improved nutrient efficiency, a win for farm profitability and catchment health alike. For more information and references, visit gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz. References Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466 077 | rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

Pictured above: Dr Gordon Rajendram and Mark Robertson (holding Humates) on a pumice soil farm in Taupo Leading Hamilton-based soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram says nitrate leaching has become one of the most critical current challenges for pastoral farms across New Zealand threatening both water quality and environmental sustainability. And he has the backing of a growing number of farmers who are putting into practice his advice. “In grazed pastures, urine patches from livestock are the primary culprit: they supply nitrogen far in excess of plant demand, making the surplus vulnerable to leaching as nitrate,” says Dr Rajendram, who is at the forefront of promoting practical, research-based solutions to alraming issue. In Gore, Southland, rising nitrate concentrations in the town’s water supply have raised concern among residents, while further north, Environment Canterbury (ECan) is facing growing public pressure to address nitrate contamination across parts of Canterbury’s groundwater network. These are not isolated issues; they’re unfolding in different regions across New Zealand, affecting both farmers and communities alike. Why Carbon Makes a Difference Adding carbon to soils, through humates, biochar or other organic sources, helps retain nitrogen in forms that plants and microbes can use, rather than allowing it to convert into mobile nitrate. Carbon inputs stimulate microbial immobilisation of nitrogen, slow nitrification (the conversion of ammonium to nitrate), and support denitrification processes that convert nitrate into benign dinitrogen (N₂). Biochar, sometimes nicknamed “black gold”, has attracted considerable scientific attention. Made from plant material under low-oxygen pyrolysis, it acts like a sponge in the soil, holding water and nutrients and altering microbial activity. In a recent study (Clough et al., 2020) published in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Professor Tim Clough and colleagues demonstrated that when biochar or carbon-rich amendments comprised a high fraction of soil volume, nitrate losses were dramatically curtailed. That research supports the notion that around 10% by volume biochar (relative to soil) can very significantly reduce nitrate leaching, reinforcing the promise of high-carbon strategies. Another meta-analysis of 30+ studies (Cayuela et al., 2014) showed that biochar reduces emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) by an average of 54%, with stronger effects for higher-quality biochars and optimal application methods. Humates are yet another valuable tool. These naturally occurring substances enhance soil structure, stimulate microbial life, and boost the soil’s capacity to retain nutrients and moisture. Trials reported in Farmers Weekly found that humates applied with urea increased pasture yield by up to 30% while reducing nitrogen losses. Long-term trials led by Dr Peter Espie showed nitrogen leaching reductions of around 61% and pasture gains up to 11% over ten years. Supporting Research Findings Together, these findings show that adding sufficient carbon, through humates, biochar or other organic sources, can dramatically cut nitrate leaching, even from intense urine patches. Expert Insight Dr Rajendram emphasises: “By pairing carbon-rich amendments with strategic farm management, we can trap more nitrogen in the soil where plants can use it, or let microbes convert it harmlessly to N₂, rather than losing it to waterways. This is about giving farmers workable solutions, not criticism.” What This Means for Farmers Farmers are suppporting Dr Rajendram’s ground-breaking scientific approach in growing numbers and noticing marked differences from adopting his advice. Dr Rajendram has been consulting to Taupo dairy farmer Mark Robertson for about six years. “Dr Rajendram’s recommendation was to apply humates every time I used my tow n fert machine at approx solid fine ground humates 10kg per hecate with a cost of around $7 per hectare and I have applied approximately 150kg per hectare of humates to date,” Robertson said. “The aim is to build carbon levels with humates or biochar to bind up as much urinary Nitrogen as possible and the results are heading in the right direction,” Robertson said. “Dr Rajendram is a leader soil health and his input is very important to the growth of pasture. It is the right time for a changed approach in terms of what we are looking at for the future,” Robertson said. Northland farmer Michael Mackinven is feeding biochar to cows and has confidence it is the right approach to take. “Dr Rajendram is an absolute expert in his field of soil health and provides very high level advice. We are very fortunate to have him and the wealth of knowledge he brings to our industry,”  Mackinven says. “Dr Rajendram  has been on the farm taking soil tests and giving his expertise to help us work out the best products such as humates and fish and the evidence we have seen with the topsoil development is positive,” Mackinven said. “I have total confidence in his judgement and his years of experience stand him in good stead,” MacKinven said. “For farmers, this is a practical and science-backed path forward. By adopting carbon-based amendments such as humates and biochar, they can reduce nitrate leaching, improve nutrient efficiency, and safeguard waterways-all while maintaining profitable production. As Dr Gordon Rajendram, leading New Zealand soil scientist, highlights, these strategies combine productivity with sustainability, protecting both farms and the environment and we are taking his guidance with his years of experience standing him in good stead,” MacKinven said. References Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466 077 | rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact MediaPA Phillip Quay MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

One of New Zealand’s leading independent soil scientists, Dr Gordon Rajendram, is in Taranaki this week performing field trails for Tokoroa-based Blue Pacific Minerals (BPM). Dr Rajendram’s  field trials for a number of companies aim to bring Kiwi farmers new ways to improve soil health, boost crop performance, and cut down on nutrient losses. During his 22 years at AgResearch and Ruakura Research Centre he developed two field calibrated soil tests and much of his research and development has been applied to the agriculture industry with excellent results. He has more than 70 publications and six patents to his name and is independent consultant to farmers and fertiliser companies to whom he is committed to getting the most out of their soil so that the farm can work more proficiently, be sustainable whilst still increasing farm profitability. With Dr Rajendram’s expert hands-on experience in farm systems and BPM’s natural zeolite products, the field trials will focus on practical solutions that make a difference in the paddock. BPM’s zeolite is mined in the Waikato and is known for its ability to hold on to both water and nutrients. It acts a bit like a sponge, soaking up moisture and fertiliser and then releasing them back to the plant when needed. This means fewer nutrients are lost through leaching, and pastures and crops can keep growing even when conditions get tough. Farmers using zeolite have found it helps lift production while also supporting long-term soil health. Alongside this, Dr Rajendram is highlighting the value of foliar application. Instead of relying only on fertiliser going into the soil, foliar feeding applies nutrients directly to the leaves, where they are quickly absorbed. This method is especially useful when soil conditions slow down uptake, such as in cold or dry weather, or during key growth stages when plants need an extra boost. Applying trace elements like zinc, copper, or boron through foliar sprays can give crops what they need straight away, improving growth and resilience. BPM’s zeolite and foliar application gives farmers a smarter way to manage nutrients. Zeolite holds fertiliser in the soil for steady release, while foliar sprays top plants up at the right time. This reduces waste, keeps nutrients where they belong, and helps drive better yields. Dr Rajendram says the goal is simple: “Farmers don’t need more fertiliser; they need nutrients working harder for them. By using the right products in the right way, we can save costs, protect the environment, and grow stronger crops.” For more information, contact:Dr Gordon Rajendram📞 021 466077✉️ rajendram@xtra.co.nz🌐 www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Media Enquiries:Media PA – Phillip📞 027 458 7724✉️ phillip@mediapa.co.nz

Introduction New Zealand farmers often face two major challenges: nutrient loss from soils and the impacts of dry conditions. Dr Gordon Rajendram says solid humates and biochar, both derived from plant-based materials, can be valuable tools in addressing these issues. Used in soils or as part of animal feed, they help retain water and nutrients where they are needed most [1]. “The key is getting more value from every drop of water and every kilogram of fertiliser,” says Dr Rajendram. “Humates and biochar work with nature to do exactly that.” Humates: Feeding Soil and Livestock Humates are rich in humic and fulvic acids, typically sourced from lignite (brown coal) [2]. With a naturally high cation exchange capacity (CEC), they hold onto water and nutrients, keeping them available to plant roots [3]. By binding with nitrogen compounds, humates can reduce nitrate leaching, one of the biggest environmental issues facing New Zealand’s pastoral farming systems. They also limit nitrous oxide emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, by locking nitrogen into the soil. Humates stimulate beneficial soil microbes and improve soil structure. When included in livestock feed, they aid digestion, boost mineral uptake, support immunity, and help control parasites [4]. Healthier stock means better performance in the paddock and higher-quality manure returning to the soil. Biochar: Long-Lasting Benefits for the Land Biochar is charcoal made from wood or crop residues in a low-oxygen environment [5]. Like humates, it has a high CEC and acts as a reservoir for nutrients and moisture. The Australia New Zealand Biochar Industry Group (ANZBIC) highlights its ability to build long-lasting soil carbon, reduce nitrate leaching, and retain nitrogen in the soil [6]. This reduces both nutrient losses to waterways and nitrous oxide emissions, tackling two of the most pressing environmental concerns for NZ agriculture. When incorporated into compost or seedbeds, biochar improves soil resilience, helping pastures survive dry conditions [7]. In small amounts, it can also be added to feed, where it binds toxins, improves gut health, and enhances manure quality [8]. Is Black Gold the Saviour? There is growing evidence that biochar, sometimes called “black gold”, can be a game-changer for worn-out soils. While not a standalone solution, used alongside balanced nutrition and good farming practice, it strengthens soil structure, builds fertility, and reduces environmental impacts [9]. Conclusion Dr Gordon Rajendram believes that solid humates and biochar offer practical, proven benefits for Kiwi farmers. By reducing nitrate leaching, lowering nitrous oxide emissions, and improving nutrient and water efficiency, they support stronger pastures, healthier animals, and more sustainable farming for the future. Key References [1] Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2015). Biochar for Environmental Management. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203762264 [2] Stevenson, F.J. (1994). Humus Chemistry. Wiley. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Humus+Chemistry-p-9780471594741 [3] Khan, S.A. et al. (2007). “The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration”. Journal of Environmental Quality. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0099 [4] Islam, K.M.S. et al. (2005). “Use of Humic Substances in Agriculture”. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.126.134 [5] International Biochar Initiative. (2023). Biochar Basics. https://biochar-international.org/biochar/ [6] Australia New Zealand Biochar Industry Group (ANZBIC). (2024). Biochar and Soil Health. https://www.biochar.net.nz/ [7] Schmidt, H.P. et al. (2019). “Biochar in Animal Husbandry”. Agriculture. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9040081 [8] Glaser, B. et al. (2002). “Ameliorating Physical and Chemical Properties of Highly Weathered Soils”. Biology and Fertility of Soils. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-002-0466-4 [9] Jeffery, S. et al. (2011). “A Quantitative Review of the Effects of Biochar on Soil Properties”. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.09.011 Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram rajendram@xtra.co.nz 021 466 077 https://gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz/ Contact MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

One of New Zealand’s leading soil scientists, Dr Gordon Rajendram, says foliar fertilisers hold the key to farmers overcoming Canterbury’s cool late winter/early spring major challenges for pasture growth. Dr Rajendram, who is based in Hamilton, says results from his research field trials have revealed  foliar fertiliser provides the necessary boost to pasture growth especially when soil temperatures are low and nitrogen uptake through the roots slow to a crawl. Foliar fertilisation involves spraying water-soluble nutrients directly onto plant leaves. It’s like a targeted nutritional top-up, allowing plants to absorb nutrients almost immediately through their foliage via stomata, cuticle and leaf hairs. “This method is proving effective in cold climates like the Canterbury region incurs,” says Dr Rajendram. “Foliar sprays deliver nutrients exactly when and where they’re needed,” he says. “You’re feeding the plant directly, so it bypasses the limitations of cold soil conditions and kickstarts growth quickly.” AgResearch Backs the Science Dr Rajendram isn’t the only one seeing these results. AgResearch, one of New Zealand’s leading agricultural science organisations, has conducted similar trials with consistent outcomes. In fact, foliar fertiliser has demonstrated efficiency rates of up to four times higher than granular applications. Faster Response, Less Fertiliser One replicated pasture trial in New Zealand revealed that just 9 kg N/ha as foliar urea achieved the same grass yield (1,426 kg DM/ha) as 37 kg N/ha of granular urea. The response is rapid for a 24 day period. That’s a powerful statistic – it means foliar N delivered about 61 kg of dry matter per kg of N, compared to just 14 kg/kg N for granular urea. “With a quicker plant response and fewer applications needed, this method saves time and product, offering real cost-efficiency to Canterbury farmers,” Dr Raendram’s trials have uncovered. Dr Rajendram notes: “Granular urea is only about 35% efficient, while foliar applications are faster and use less product overall. That’s a win for farmers and the environment.” Unit N40 (extra kg DM per unit N applied over 40 days of growth) for the different seasons and regions using Granular Urea. Reference: G.S Rajendram et al (2009). Nitrogen Fertiliser Trial Base. Taken from 1272 Nitrogen Fertiliser Response trials throughout New Zealand over 80 years conducted by MAF and AgResearch. Environmental Benefits With Canterbury’s sensitivity to nitrate leaching and water quality issues, foliar fertilisers offer an environmentally responsible choice. Because nutrients are absorbed directly by leaves rather than moving through the soil, volatilisation and there is less chance of leaching into waterways. The reduced volume of fertiliser required, further supports sustainable practices. Practical Advice for Canterbury Farmers Dr Rajendram advises farmers to use foliar sprays as a complement to their existing soil fertilisation strategies. For best results, he recommends applying in the early morning or when there is dew on the leaves – and avoiding hot, dry days to prevent leaf burn. Summary If you’re farming in Canterbury and struggling with sluggish pasture growth during late winter/early spring, foliar fertiliser may be the answer. Backed by an AgResearch study and Dr Gordon Rajendram’s decades of expertise, this method offers: By integrating foliar feeding into your nutrient management plan, you can keep your pastures thriving and your inputs low – even during the chillier months. References Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466 077 | rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

When it comes to growing healthy, productive crops, your plants often reveal what they need — you just have to know where to look. According to soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram, leaves are one of the best indicators of nutrient deficiencies. Subtle changes in colour, shape, or spotting can highlight underlying issues before they affect your yield. Yellowing between the veins may indicate a magnesium deficiency, while stunted or distorted leaves often point to problems with boron or calcium. Left untreated, these issues can progress quickly. The good news? Foliar feeding offers a fast, effective solution. Unlike traditional root-based fertilisers, foliar sprays deliver nutrients directly to the plant’s leaves. This allows for quicker uptake and immediate correction of deficiencies, particularly during peak growth periods or when soil conditions are poor. It’s a practical way to support plant health and boost performance — without waiting for the soil to catch up. But foliar nutrition is just one part of a wider conversation: what should you really be putting on your land? Too often, fertiliser decisions are made based on habit rather than evidence. While it’s tempting to stick with what’s worked in the past, every season brings new challenges. Weather patterns shift, nutrient levels change, and crop demands evolve. Applying nutrients without soil data risks overuse, waste, and environmental harm. A smarter approach involves testing your soil regularly, understanding what your crops need at each growth stage, and tailoring your inputs accordingly. That might include slow-release fertilisers, biological amendments, or timely foliar applications. Finally, it’s important to move beyond the mindset of soil testing as a “spring-only” task. Nutrient availability isn’t static — it fluctuates year-round with rainfall, plant uptake, and microbial activity. Monitoring your soil throughout the year provides valuable insights and helps prevent problems before they start. As Dr Gordon Rajendram advises, tuning into what your plants and soil are telling you — and responding with targeted, informed action — is the key to growing stronger crops, protecting your land, and improving your bottom line. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466 077 | rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

Effluent is not waste – it’s a nutrient-rich fertiliser source. When used properly, it can save money on synthetic fertiliser and support healthy soils. But when mismanaged, effluent can contaminate waterways, harm stock health and result in large fines. Here’s what farmers need to know. The Right Way to Manage Effluent What Can Go Wrong – and the Cost Case Study 1: Waimana, Bay of Plenty (2023)Two farms were fined a total of $77,000 for discharging effluent into a stream. A travelling irrigator had operated too close to a drain in damp conditions, with no soil moisture checks or documented system. Result: obvious ponding and discoloured stream water. Case Study 2: Waverley, Taranaki (2018)A faulty oxidation pond led to raw effluent entering the Moumahaki Stream. The farmer was fined $54,000. In a separate incident, ponded effluent ran off land into a creek – a $45,000 fine followed. Poor maintenance and storage management were to blame. Final Word Effluent is an asset – if managed correctly. Use industry calculators (like DairyNZ’s Effluent Spreading and Storage Tools), regularly maintain systems, and apply with care. The environment, your pasture, and your wallet will thank you. Want tailored advice for your farm?Get in touch with Dr Gordon Rajendram today to ensure your effluent management is safe, compliant, and working for your soil. Visit www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz or contact him directly for a personalised consultation. Sources: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466 077 | rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

Foliar fertiliser means spraying water-soluble nutrients directly onto plant leaves. In effect, it’s like a quick “vitamin boost” through the foliage. Research has long shown that leaves can absorb nutrients via stomata (tiny pores), cuticle and leaf hairs. So foliar feeding bypasses the soil and gives plants nutrients within hours. According to soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram, foliar sprays “deliver nutrients exactly when and where they’re needed” during cooler weather (1). Why It Works Better, Particularly in Winter, Than Granular Application Foliar feeding is especially handy in cold seasons. When soil temperatures drop, root uptake of nitrogen slows dramatically, so grass barely grows. But a foliar spray can still feed actively growing leaves. Dr Rajendram explains: “Applying foliar fertiliser in winter means you’re not relying on soil temperatures to activate the nitrogen… You’re feeding the plant directly — it’s faster, more efficient, and leads to better results with less input.” In other words, you get a quicker response even when the ground is cold. Trials in New Zealand found that foliar N improved pasture growth at low temperatures, helping farmers extend growth into winter (1,2). Real Results from New Zealand Trials Figure: A replicated pasture trial found that using 9 kg N/ha as a foliar N spray produced essentially the same grass yield (1,426 kg DM/ha) as 37 kg N/ha of granular urea. This means the foliar method gave about 61 kg of dry matter per kg N versus 14 kg per kg N for soil urea – roughly 4× more efficient (2). The response was quick and lasted for 24 days. Better Efficiency, Less Waste The efficiency gains are dramatic. By targeting nutrients to the leaves, plants use more of the fertiliser and less is lost. A recent review notes that foliar sprays “deliver nutrients directly… thereby helping to reduce negative impacts” on soil and water (3). In trials on wheat, even very low rates of foliar phosphorus in winter corrected mid-season deficiencies and boosted P use efficiency (4). Overall, foliar feeding can increase nutrient-use efficiency and yield, especially for micronutrients or in special situations. When and How to Use It Of course, foliar feeding supplements, not replaces, normal soil fertilisation. Think of it as an extra tool. Bulk N, P, K still come from soil and applied fertilisers, while foliar applications give fast fixes of nitrogen, major and trace elements. For best results, spray when leaves are moist (e.g. morning dew or light rain) and avoid very hot, dry weather to prevent leaf burn. The bottom line: foliar fertilisers are a practical way to get nutrients into the plant quickly, especially when soil uptake is slow. As Dr Rajendram reminds us, with the right timing farmers can grow more winter grass with less input. By combining foliar sprays with a solid soil fertility plan, farmers can boost efficiency, reduce losses, and keep pasture growing through the cooler months (1,2). About Dr Gordon Rajendram Dr Gordon Rajendram is a New Zealand-based soil scientist with over 40 years of experience in nutrient management and soil fertility. Formerly with AgResearch, he is widely respected for his work on improving nitrogen efficiency and sustainable farming practices. References Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466 077 | rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

At the 2025 “Grow Grass in the Colder Months” Field Day, New Zealand soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram delivered an insightful talk on how strategic foliar fertiliser application is transforming pasture-based farming. Hosted on-farm and designed as a practical “how-to” event, the day focused on helping farmers grow more, higher-quality pasture during the colder months, when traditional systems typically slow to a crawl. Dr Rajendram explained how foliar fertilisers, specifically Cold Grow, can be used to feed pasture directly through the leaf, delivering nutrients exactly when and where they’re needed. This method improves nitrogen uptake efficiency, reduces environmental loss, and supports continued pasture growth during cooler conditions. “Applying foliar fertiliser in winter means you’re not relying on soil temperatures to activate the nitrogen,” Dr Rajendram said. “You’re feeding the plant directly, it’s faster, more efficient, and leads to better results with less input.” He also highlighted how foliar nutrition supports soil biology by stimulating root exudates, the sugars plants release into the soil, which in turn feed microbes and improve overall soil health. The result is not just more grass, but better-quality pasture with higher nutrient density. The event also showcased the BA Sprayers LM Series and Brandt tractors from Power Farming, demonstrating how modern equipment makes foliar application practical and precise. A Q&A session followed, with Dr Rajendram joined by a farmer already using the foliar system and Mike Prendergast from Blue Pacific Minerals. Moderated by the event organiser Jolyon Ludbrook, the panel discussed real-world applications and gave attendees a chance to ask questions throughout. The goal was simple: ensure every farmer walked away with practical knowledge they could apply on their farm immediately, no purchases required. Dr Rajendram’s message was clear: with the right tools and timing, farmers can grow more grass in winter, reduce inputs, and build healthier soils, all while improving profitability and maintaining flexibility on-farm. How to Grow More Grass Efficiently with Dr Gordon Rajendram Unit N40 (extra kg DM per unit N applied over 40 days of growth) for the different seasons and regions using Granular Urea. Reference: G.S Rajendram et al (2009). Nitrogen Fertiliser Trial Base. Taken from 1272 Nitrogen Fertiliser Response trials throughout New Zealand over 80 years conducted by MAF and AgResearch. Why Choose Foliar? ✅ More yield per unit of nitrogen✅ Lower environmental loss✅ Faster uptake and response✅ Effective at lower application rates With mounting pressure to reduce nitrogen losses and improve input efficiency, foliar fertiliser offers a smarter, more sustainable solution for pasture management. Pasture growth (kg ha-1) from harvest one, 24 days after the fertiliser is applied. kg of Dry Matter produced per kg of N applied: Granular: 14kg Liquid (Foliar) UAN: 61kg Foliar is x 4 more efficient than Granular. About Dr Gordon RajendramDr Gordon Rajendram is a New Zealand-based soil scientist with over 40 years of experience in nutrient management and soil fertility. Formerly with AgResearch, he is widely respected for his work on improving nitrogen efficiency and sustainable farming practices.021 466 077 | rajendram@xtra.co.nz | www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz  Contact MediaPA 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz

According to New Zealand soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram, treated dairy effluent is far more than a waste product – it’s a valuable on-farm resource. When managed properly, this mixture of animal waste and wash-down water can significantly benefit soil health, reduce costs, and support more sustainable farming practices (DairyNZ, 2020). Environmentally, applying treated dairy effluent to pasture or cropland is an effective way to recycle key nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and trace elements. Instead of being lost to waterways – where they can cause pollution and algal blooms – these nutrients are returned to the soil (Ministry for the Environment, 2022). With proper application and timing, they stay within the root zone, boosting plant uptake and minimising leaching. The organic matter present in effluent also improves soil structure and microbial life, and can even contribute to increased soil carbon over time (AgResearch, 2021). The economic value is just as compelling. Studies from New Zealand and the UK suggest that effluent nutrients are worth $25–30 per cow annually (DairyNZ, 2020). By incorporating effluent into their nutrient budgeting, farmers can reduce reliance on synthetic fertilisers. One UK farmer saved up to 40% on his fertiliser bill by maximising the use of slurry nutrients (AHDB, 2021). Across a large herd, these savings add up substantially. From an agronomic perspective, effluent enhances soil moisture retention, aeration, and nutrient-holding capacity. The added organic matter supports healthier soils and more resilient pastures, while encouraging beneficial microbial activity (Teagasc, 2020). Dr Gordon Rajendram emphasises that responsible management is crucial. Effluent must be treated, stored, and applied according to best practice to avoid runoff and overloading. But when handled correctly, it transforms waste into a sustainable asset. As fertiliser prices rise and environmental regulations tighten, Dr Rajendram believes land application of effluent is not only smart farming – it’s essential. It’s a key step towards a more circular, cost-effective, and environmentally sound dairy industry. References Let me know if you’d like me to tailor the tone or format for a specific publication or audience. For more information, contact:Dr Gordon Rajendram📞 021 466077✉️ rajendram@xtra.co.nz🌐 www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Media Enquiries:Media PA – Phillip📞 027 458 7724✉️ phillip@mediapa.co.nz