Rural News

In New Zealand’s diverse climate, managing soil health is essential for sustainable agriculture. Dr Gordon Rajendram, a leading New Zealand soil scientist, advocates agroforestry as a transformative approach to mitigating soil temperature extremes while improving farm productivity. Integrating trees with crops and pastures helps stabilise soil conditions, buffers against environmental stresses, and enhances overall resilience. Agroforestry systems can reduce soil temperature fluctuations by up to 9% through shade provision and improved microclimates (Riyadh et al., 2024; Sarmiento-Soler et al., 2022). Trees act as “safety nets,” capturing nutrients via deep roots and increasing soil organic matter, which boosts moisture retention and reduces evaporation. This is particularly beneficial for New Zealand’s agricultural regions prone to droughts and frosts, such as Canterbury and Central Otago (Fahad et al., 2022; Surki et al., 2023). In addition to temperature moderation, agroforestry offers numerous ecological and economic benefits. Species like mānuka and kānuka not only fix nitrogen but also enrich soils with organic matter, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers. Windbreaks formed by tree rows minimise soil erosion, a persistent issue in Hawke’s Bay and other erosion-prone areas (Fahad et al., 2022; Riyadh et al., 2024). Furthermore, agroforestry fosters biodiversity, provides habitats for native species, and enhances the broader ecosystem (Surki et al., 2023). “Agroforestry is a holistic solution that merges ecological restoration with agricultural productivity,” says Dr Gordon Rajendram. “By adopting these practices, farmers can mitigate soil extremes, reduce reliance on chemical inputs, and build resilience to climate challenges.” Success in agroforestry lies in careful design. Selecting tree species adapted to local conditions, ensuring appropriate planting densities, and managing inter-species competition are critical. Agroforestry has been shown to improve soil health indicators, including organic carbon and nutrient cycling, which are key to sustaining long-term agricultural yields (Fahad et al., 2022; Sarmiento-Soler et al., 2022). Dr Gordon Rajendram’s advocacy underscores the potential of agroforestry to future-proof New Zealand’s farms. By aligning ecological principles with farming innovation, his approach offers a practical roadmap for sustainable agriculture in the face of a changing climate. References For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724

Summer brings sunshine, barbecues, and beach days – but for farmers and gardeners, it also brings a host of soil-related headaches. Dr Gordon Rajendram, an agricultural expert with a flair for solving soil dilemmas, explains the seven most common summer soil problems and how to tackle them with a bit of wit and wisdom. 1. Soil CompactionThe summer heat can turn soil into something resembling concrete. Over-grazing or heavy machinery exacerbates this issue. Introducing deep-rooted cover crops like lucerne can break up compacted layers naturally. Research shows that soil aeration through biological methods, such as deep-rooted plants improves soil structure and water infiltration, which is critical in avoiding compaction during the dry summer months. 2. WaterloggingSummer storms can saturate the soil, reducing oxygen availability to roots. The article by Cameron et al. (2007) highlights that waterlogged soils increase denitrification losses, harming soil nitrogen balance. Installing mole drains or creating raised beds can prevent prolonged waterlogging and protect crops from stress. 3. SalinityExcessive irrigation and high evaporation rates can cause salts to accumulate, damaging plants. Saline soils reduce the availability of water to crops. Flushing salts with good-quality water or growing salt-tolerant crops like barley can mitigate salinity until soil conditions improve. 4. Nutrient LeachingSummer rains can wash away essential nutrients like nitrogen, a major concern highlighted in Cameron et al.’s research. Nitrate leaching not only depletes soil fertility but also contributes to groundwater contamination. Using slow-release fertilisers or applying nitrogen in smaller, frequent doses can minimise leaching. Incorporating cover crops or organic matter also improves nitrogen retention. 5. CrustingSoil crusting occurs when rain compacts surface soil, reducing water infiltration and seedling emergence. A fine layer of mulch can protect the soil and keep it cooler, enhancing germination success rates. 6. WeedsWeeds thrive in disturbed or nutrient-rich soils, often outcompeting crops for water and nutrients. Maintaining healthy soil structure and promptly removing weeds before they seed are vital. 7. Heat StressHeatwaves dry out soil, leading to reduced microbial activity and moisture levels. According to Cameron et al., maintaining soil organic matter is key to improving water retention and providing a buffer against temperature extremes. Shade cloths, mulch, and regular irrigation can keep the soil and plants cooler. “Summer soil challenges might seem overwhelming, but with the right strategies, they can be managed effectively,” says Dr Gordon Rajendram. Dr Rajendram’s solutions combine practical advice with a touch of humour, ensuring farmers and gardeners can enjoy their summer with healthy, thriving soil. By addressing these common issues with actionable steps, he proves that even under the blazing summer sun, soil problems don’t have to stick. Cited Source: Cameron, K. C., Di, H. J., & Moir, J. L. (2007). Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system: A review. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(2), 349-359. For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

Summer heat can significantly impact soil health by disrupting the balance of soil microbes. These tiny organisms are essential for nutrient cycling, soil structure, and crop productivity. Dr Gordon Rajendram, a soil health expert, says, “Understanding how summer temperatures affect microbial populations is key to maintaining healthy soil and good yields.” Warmer temperatures can initially boost microbial activity, as beneficial microbes thrive in heat. However, this can lead to faster depletion of organic matter, reducing long-term fertility. If the heat becomes extreme, the microbial community may shift, with harmful pathogens outcompeting beneficial microbes. A study in Nature Microbiology highlights that rising temperatures not only influence microbial abundance but also alter the composition of soil microbial communities, which can lead to imbalances that harm soil health (Zhang et al., 2023). Dry conditions in summer present further challenges. Moisture is critical for microbial life, and dry soils can stress or even kill microbes reliant on water. According to Microbiometer, a lack of soil moisture can shrink microbial populations and reduce their diversity, hindering vital processes like nitrogen fixation and organic matter decomposition. This often results in poorer soil quality, reduced crop yields, and increased reliance on fertilisers. Farmers can take practical steps to protect their soil microbes: “Fostering soil biodiversity is one of the best defences against the challenges of rising temperatures,” says Dr Rajendram. By adopting these sustainable practices as well as soil and pasture testing, farmers can protect their soil microbes, sustain crop productivity, and promote resilience for the future. References: For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

Dr Gordon Rajendram, a leading New Zealand soil scientist, highlights that, as New Zealand transitions from spring into summer, responsible phosphorus management is more crucial than ever. Phosphorus is a key nutrient for plant growth, but improper use can lead to harmful nutrient run-off. With regular irrigation approaching and rainfall peaking in late spring, Dr Rajendram underscores the need for proactive steps to minimise phosphorus pollution in waterways, protecting ecosystems and supporting sustainable farming. The Role of Phosphorus in Eutrophication In New Zealand’s waterways, phosphorus from fertiliser run-off is a significant contributor to eutrophication—a process that accelerates algae growth and depletes oxygen in water, harming aquatic life. Research shows that when phosphorus levels are unchecked, algae thrive, leading to toxic conditions for fish and other organisms. In fact, around 76% of streams in New Zealand are phosphorus-limited, meaning they are particularly sensitive to excess phosphorus inputs (McDowell, Larned, & Houlbrooke, 2010). Dr Rajendram notes that farmers’ efforts to mitigate phosphorus run-off can make an immediate difference to water health, particularly in catchment areas where excess phosphorus has historically led to water quality issues. Effective Phosphorus Management Practices Farmers can mitigate phosphorus run-off by tailoring fertiliser application to soil needs and monitoring soil nutrient levels through regular testing. This approach prevents over-fertilisation, conserving resources and limiting nutrient loss into waterways. One effective solution is to use less water-soluble phosphorus fertilisers, which release nutrients more gradually, giving plants more time to absorb them and reducing the risk of run-off. Additionally, applying phosphorus in alignment with crop growth cycles, such as in early spring, maximises plant uptake, further minimising the potential for nutrient loss. Dr Rajendram advises: “We all have a duty to balance productivity with environmental responsibility. By carefully managing phosphorus use and establishing buffer zones around waterways, we can protect the integrity of New Zealand’s rivers and lakes for future generations.” Buffer zones—areas of vegetation between farmland and water—are highly effective in trapping nutrients before they reach water systems. Additionally, cover cropping helps stabilise soils, reducing erosion and supporting long-term soil health, which naturally limits phosphorus loss. Towards a Sustainable Approach in Phosphorus Management Dr Rajendram underscores that responsible phosphorus management is essential for New Zealand’s environmental future. By adopting practices that limit phosphorus discharge, farmers can play a vital role in reducing eutrophication risks. McDowell et al. (2016) suggest that both regulatory and voluntary approaches are crucial to sustaining good water quality across regions, offering a way forward that respects both productivity and the environment. References – McDowell, R. W., Larned, S. T., & Houlbrooke, D. J. (2010). Nitrogen and phosphorus in New Zealand streams and rivers: Control and impact of eutrophication and the influence of land management. *New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research*, 44(4), 985-995. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330909510055 – McDowell, R. W., Dils, R. M., Collins, A. L., Flahive, K. A., Sharpley, A. N., & Quinn, J. (2016). A review of the policies and implementation of practices to decrease water quality impairment by phosphorus in New Zealand, the UK, and the US. *Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems*, 104, 289-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-015-9727-0 For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

Dr Gordon Rajendram, a leading New Zealand soil scientist and consultant for sustainable farming, explains that even slight overuse of fertiliser can result in nutrient imbalances, water pollution, and long-term soil damage. “Even if over-fertilisation isn’t a crisis now, farmers must focus on efficiency and sustainability. Applying only what is necessary protects the land and the environment,” he says. Fertilisers contain key nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), which are vital for plant growth. However, if these nutrients exceed crop requirements, they can leach into groundwater or wash into nearby water bodies. Nitrogen, in particular, poses a risk as it transforms into nitrates, which can contaminate both groundwater and surface water. High nitrate concentrations not only threaten aquatic ecosystems but can also make drinking water unsafe, particularly in rural areas dependent on groundwater sources. Dr Rajendram stresses that “soil testing is key in modern agriculture; applying excess fertiliser may seem beneficial initially, but it can lead to nutrient imbalances and soil acidification, which ultimately harms crop yields.” When excess nutrients disrupt soil pH, beneficial microorganisms that help plants absorb nutrients and resist diseases are negatively impacted. This degradation compromises soil structure and reduces its ability to retain moisture, making crops more vulnerable to drought. In addition to environmental risks, excessive fertiliser use results in a reliance on chemical inputs, increasing farming costs. Over time, continuous over-fertilisation can lead to an accumulation of salts in the soil, which harms plant roots and reduces crop resilience. This dependency threatens both farm productivity and profitability. To mitigate these risks, Dr Rajendram advises using precision farming techniques. “Farmers can improve both yield and sustainability by adopting best practices, such as soil nutrient testing and targeted fertiliser application,” he recommends. Technologies like GPS-guided fertiliser application allow for targeted delivery, ensuring crops receive what they need without excess. By prioritising balanced nutrient management, Dr Rajendram believes that farmers can achieve optimal yields while protecting the health of their soil and the environment. Implementing these practices ensures that fertilisers contribute positively to crop productivity while safeguarding the long-term viability of the land. For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

One of New Zealand’s leading soil scientists Dr Gordon Rajendram emphasises the importance of understanding the nutrient balance in spring grass and the impact it can have on the health of horses and stock. Spring brings a surge in pasture growth, creating a nutrient-rich food source for grazing animals. However, this rapid growth often results in an imbalance of key nutrients, which can negatively affect animal health. Dr Rajendram’s solution is to carry out thorough pasture and soil tests to ensure the correct products are applied to the land, decreasing inefficiencies and maximising the benefits of spring grass.  Spring grass is typically high in carbohydrates, particularly sugars and fructans, which provide quick energy to horses and stock. While beneficial, Dr Rajendram warns that excessive sugar intake can lead to problems like laminitis in horses and metabolic disorders in livestock. Additionally, the grass is often rich in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and potassium, which support bone strength and muscle function. However, the high potassium content can interfere with the absorption of magnesium, a crucial mineral for preventing conditions like grass tetany in cattle. One of the key concerns Dr Rajendram identifies is the deficiency of magnesium in spring pastures, which can lead to health issues like muscle tremors, stiffness, and poor performance in both horses and stock. To counter this, he recommends pasture and soil testing as a vital step to understanding the specific nutrient composition of the pasture. Pasture and soil tests allow for targeted application of the right products, ensuring magnesium and other essential minerals are present in appropriate amounts. Dr Gordon Rajendram explains that by conducting sasture and soil tests and applying the correct fertilisers, farmers and horse owners can optimise the nutrient profile of their pasture. This proactive approach ensures that grazing animals receive balanced nutrition, reducing the risk of health issues and enhancing overall wellbeing during the spring months. For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

The recent entry of Marnco into the New Zealand fertiliser market has been viewed as a positive development by one of New Zealand’s leading soil scientists, Hamilton-based Dr Gordon Rajendram. “Since Marnco entered the market around Easter, we’ve seen a significant drop in fertiliser prices, which is great news for farmers,” says Rajendram. He said that prior to COVID-19, the price of urea was approximately $530 per tonne, with super phosphate priced at $345 per tonne. However, recent months have seen substantial price reductions, with potassium chloride (KCI) dropping from $1,100 per tonne in December 2023 to $795, thanks to Marnco’s competitive pricing according to Rajendram. “Marnco’s entry into the market has made a tangible difference, offering pure KCI at $775 per tonne, and reducing the price of sulphur phosphate from $525 to $370 per tonne,” Dr Rajendram commented “This is exactly the kind of competition we need to support our farming communities and ensure New Zealand agriculture remains competitive on the world stage.” Dr Gordon Rajendram, a leading expert in New Zealand’s agricultural sector, has called for increased competition in the country’s fertiliser market, citing it as essential for reducing costs and driving innovation. According to Dr Rajendram, the lack of competition in New Zealand has kept fertiliser prices unnecessarily high, significantly impacting farmers’ production costs. “Fertiliser is one of the biggest expenses on a farm. Higher fertiliser costs translate directly to higher production costs, whether it’s converting pastures and crops into milk or meat,” he explains. “For New Zealand agriculture to remain competitive on the global market, addressing this issue is crucial.” Dr Rajendram highlights the financial strain particularly felt in the sheep and beef farming sectors. He notes that many farmers, especially those in the sheep sector, are cutting back on fertiliser use or withholding it altogether due to the low lamb schedule. “There’s a lot of hurt out there,” he says. When comparing New Zealand to other farming nations, Dr Rajendram points out that many countries have a greater variety of fertiliser companies to choose from, which helps keep prices lower. “In South Africa, for example, urea sells for around $590 per tonne, and in Asia, it ranges from $550 to $600 per tonne. Meanwhile, in New Zealand, we’re paying almost $200 more per tonne, despite urea being produced locally.” The absence of competition also stifles innovation, according to Dr Rajendram. “Without competition, there’s no incentive to create better products. Companies can continue selling the same old products without any need to improve because they control the market.” Click here to listen to the radio interview. For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz About Dr Gordon Rajendram  Dr Gordon Rajendram is a respected figure in New Zealand’s agricultural industry, with extensive experience in soil science and sustainable farming practices. He is an advocate for innovation and competitiveness in the sector, particularly in the fertiliser market. Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

An anonymous Hamilton-based farmer has supported the call for more competition in the fertiliser industry from renowned Hamilton soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram. “Improving soil biology with less environmental impact is a significant step forward. Improving productivity is one of the most important things any nation can do to help its people, so I think competition and new ways are great,” the farmer said. “Furthermore, with increasing restrictions and tighter compliance standards being put on farmers, you are providing them with a choice and making it sustainable over the long term,” he said. Dr Gordon Rajendram has been vocal about the critical need for increased competition in the New Zealand fertiliser market. According to Dr Rajendram, the current market dynamics stifle innovation and result in higher costs for farmers, ultimately impacting the agricultural sector’s sustainability and productivity. The farmer emphasised the intense pressure faced by those in the dairy sector, where compliance with stringent environmental standards is a constant challenge. “Being in dairy, I am aware of how much pressure farmers are under from all sorts of things, so innovation and alternative choices are great for this sector.” Dr Rajendram’s research underscores the importance of soil biology in enhancing productivity while minimising environmental impact. “By focusing on improving soil health through innovative fertilisers, we can achieve higher yields with less environmental degradation,” he explains. “More competition in the fertiliser market would lead to lower prices and better products for farmers,” Dr Rajendram asserts. “This is crucial not only for improving soil health but also for meeting the stringent environmental standards imposed on the farming community.” One of the key issues Dr Rajendram highlights is the limited number of players in the fertiliser industry, which leads to a lack of incentive for companies to innovate and offer environmentally friendly products. With New Zealand’s farmers facing increasing pressures from both regulatory bodies and market forces, the need for cost-effective and sustainable fertiliser options has never been greater. In conclusion, Dr Rajendram’s call for more competition in the fertiliser market is not just about reducing costs; it’s about fostering a culture of innovation that benefits both farmers and the environment. As New Zealand continues to strive for more sustainable farming practices, embracing competition and encouraging innovation in the fertiliser sector will be key to achieving these goals. For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz About Dr Gordon Rajendram:  Dr Gordon Rajendram is a distinguished independent soil scientist with extensive experience in the agricultural sector. His work focuses on improving soil health and sustainability practices in farming, making him a respected voice in the industry. Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

The story of a family and their farm on the coast of Whangarei is one of remarkable resilience and adaptation. Despite numerous challenges, things are on track for a brighter future. Their journey, marked by persistent challenges and setbacks, exemplifies their determination to overcome adversity and secure a better future. Once owning a farm at Dargaville, the family decided to move closer to Whangarei, purchasing two farms in the general area. However, persistent flooding over the past eight years at one farm forced them to sell their properties to a businessperson from Auckland. Retaining a 50/50 sharemilking job on their home farm, they were able to purchase an additional 145 hectares on the coast of Whangarei, encompassing 85 hectares of flat land, 46 hectares of hill land, 14 hectares of bush in 4 titles. The 4 titles are encompass 36 ha plus house, 62 ha, 20 ha and 27 ha) with good sea views from parts of the farm.  From the back of the farm from a ramp you are able to launch a boat and be in the open ocean in 5 minutes.  From this farm you can set a net in the evening, go back in the the morning to find mullet, snapper, trevally, Kahawaii and flounder in the net. They moved to their new farm in March 2017. The sharemilking job was intended to help pay and develop the new farm. However, within a year, they lost the 50/50 sharemilking job and ended up in court, despite having all the rights. The other side had more money, and their lawyer advised them to leave, resulting in significant financial loss. In October 2019, disaster struck again when the floodgate on the farm collapsed, allowing seawater to inundate the flatland, killing grass, worms, and 85 large poplar trees, and destroying 60 hectares of grass. They worked tirelessly through the night to install a temporary gate and awaited resource consent to install new gates. In April 2020, they began constructing new floodgates, designed by an engineer and built with the help of family and a late friend. The family faced further challenges with waterlogged paddocks due to salt contamination and winter rain. Despite these setbacks, they began humping and hollowing paddocks, finishing three paddocks initially. However, complaints from uneducated neighbours to the dairy industry threatened their milk supply, as it was incorrectly understood that it was illegal to carry out this work. The dairy company stated they would stop taking their milk if they continued. In 2022, they sold livestock to China through Genetic Developments but did not receive payment, resulting in further financial strain. By September 2023, land productivity remained an issue, prompting them to restart humping and hollowing. Uneducated neighbours complained again to the Regional Council, but the council was impressed with their progress and primarily advised on silt control. They managed to hump and hollow 15 paddocks, with three remaining. Of the 145 hectares, 110 hectares are now effective. Despite these continuous challenges, the family exemplifies resilience and determination in their ongoing journey to develop their farm and secure their future. Looking Ahead: A Call for Support Here lies a beautiful property with coastal views, brimming with potential and on the cusp of full recovery. With the help of Dr Gordon Rajendram, the farm is on its way to recovery. They are now moving on to repairing the hills, with the outlook being much brighter. Production has increased by 20% this year compared to last year and is expected to increase further with other improvements. They are encouraging people to reach out and invest in the property. This farm will be a great asset for anyone who invests, offering both financial returns and the satisfaction of supporting a resilient family and a flourishing agricultural endeavour. With your support, they can continue to improve their farm and secure a prosperous future. For more information, please contact: Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Media PA phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Hamilton, New Zealand – August 6, 2024 – Recent trials conducted by Dr Gordon Rajendram, a distinguished soil scientist and consultant, have revealed significant improvements in pasture production on Canterbury dairy farms through the use of soil compaction treatments. Dr Rajendram, formerly of AgResearch and MAF, led these trials to assess the impact of soil compaction on pasture growth and to demonstrate the effectiveness of Agraforum’s soil treatments. Dr Rajendram stated that “The trials have shown that addressing soil compaction through targeted treatments can significantly enhance pasture production, providing a sustainable solution for farmers to boost their productivity.” Pasture production is influenced by five primary factors (1): 1. Soil Moisture: Adequate rainfall or irrigation is crucial, with less than 25% soil moisture negatively impacting growth. 2. Soil Temperature: Grass growth ceases when the soil temperature at 10 cm depth falls to 5-6 degrees Celsius. 3. Soil pH and Nutrients: Thirteen essential elements for plant growth, along with Co, Se, and I for animal health, are vital. 4. Soil Microbiology: Beneficial microbial activity supports plant health. 5. Soil Air Space (Air-Filled Porosity or Macroporosity): Compacted soil, with less than 10% air-filled porosity (AFP), significantly reduces pasture production. Each percentage drop below this threshold results in a 10% reduction in yield (based on AgResearch trials)(2). Since 1995, the Waikato Regional Council has been monitoring soil quality at 150 sites across the Waikato region, focusing on volcanic ash and pumice soils used for dairying, beef, cropping, and forestry. Seven soil quality tests are conducted at each site, including air-filled porosity. The 2019 data revealed that 94% of dairy farming sites had concerning soil quality, with excessively high fertility and soil compaction affecting approximately 85% of the sites. (Waikato Regional Council)(3). Aim and Methodology The aim of the trials was to demonstrate that Agraforum’s soil compaction treatment can improve soil aeration and pasture growth. The trials involved: – Four irrigated Canterbury dairy farms, with two using Agraforum’s treatments for several years and two untreated. – Monthly pasture measurements using a ride-on mower and digital scales. – Soil temperature monitoring, starting at 14 degrees Celsius and dropping to 5 degrees Celsius by the third cut. Each farm had ten plots (2m x 10m), and the trials commenced in the last week of February 2024, with pasture cuts taken over a 105-day autumn period. Findings The results were conclusive: – The two treated farms produced approximately 1,000 kg DM/ha (33%) more dry matter than the best untreated farm. – Compared to the second untreated and most compacted farm, the treated farms yielded over 2,000 kg DM/ha (80%) more pasture. Graphs from the study clearly illustrate the superior performance of treated farms in terms of total pasture grown and growth rates, particularly for the first cut. Graph 1: Shows Total pasture grown for ~ 105 days for the 2 Agraforum Treated and Untreated Farms. Graph 2: Shows the growth rates for the first cut for the farms. The Treated farms grew twice and 3 times the more pasture than the Untreated farms for the first cut. Graph 3: Shows the accumulated grass growth across all four farms over the trial period. The treated farms clearly grew significantly more pasture compared to the Untreated farms. Error bars show the 95% confidence interval at each cut, calculated from the ten replicate plots within each farm. Raw Data Agraforum- Treated -Farm 1 Kg DM hectare Days Growth Kg DM/day Temperature Cut 1 1958 ± 230 27 73 ± 9 14 Cut 2 1226 ± 90 35 35 ± 3 10 Cut 3 388 ± 23 43 9 ± 1 5 3572 ±294 105 34 ± 3 Agraforum Treated -Farm 2 Days Growth Kg DM/day Cut 1 1827 ± 129 29 63 ± 4 Cut 2 1180 ± 108 40 30 ±3 Cut 3 307 ± 30 36 9 ±1 3314 ± 241 105 32 ±2 Non Treated Farm-3 Kg DM hectare Days Growth Kg DM/day Cut 1 1127 ±121 40 28 ± 3 Cut 2 1173 ±111 53 22 ± 2 Cut 3       2300 ±219 93 (105) 25 (22) ±2 Non Treated Farm – 4 Kg DM hectare Days Growth Kg DM/day Cut 1 429 ± 94 30 14 ± 3 Cut 2 262 ± 65 34 8 ± 2 Cut 3       691 ± 157 64(105) (7) ± 1 The 95% confidence intervals have been calculated from ten replicate plots for each cut within each farm. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of addressing soil compaction to improve pasture production. Agraforum’s soil aeration treatments have proven to be highly effective, offering a practical solution for farmers seeking to enhance productivity and sustainability. It takes ~ 10 kg of Dry matter of good quality pasture to produce 1 kg milk solid.(4) Four other field trials alongside Agraforum will be commencing this Spring in the Otago region, so watch this space. “By improving soil aeration and reducing compaction, we can unlock the full potential of pasture growth, ensuring healthier soils and more productive farms.” – Dr Gordon Rajendram, PhD, Soil Scientist/Consultant — About Dr Gordon Rajendram Dr Gordon Rajendram is a renowned soil scientist and independent consultant with extensive experience in soil fertility, agronomy, and farm environmental consultancy. His expertise has been instrumental in bringing scientific solutions to the agricultural sector, improving productivity and sustainability for farmers across New Zealand. About Allan Pirecy Allan Piercy is a seasoned vet who worked in a rural clinic in South Taranaki for 20 years before moving to Mid Canterbury, where he headed a large veterinary practice. His primary focus was on dairy cattle, preventive medicine, and ensuring economic returns for farmers. Recognising that many animal health and production issues stemmed from poor soil nutrition and structure, Allan founded Agraforum New Zealand in 2007, aimed at addressing animal health and production issues through improved soil and crop management. Allan’s guiding principle is, “Correct the cause of a problem, don’t continue to treat the symptoms.” Contact Agraforum New Zealand 0800 488 118 Allan: 0274 485