Phillip

Soil health is paramount for sustainable agriculture, and one cannot overlook the significance of managing toxic minerals to safeguard crop quality and yield. Dr Gordon Rajendram, a renowned expert in soil science, sheds light on the intricate relationship between fertiliser and lime application and its effect on toxic minerals within the soil. Fertilisers, primarily composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, play a pivotal role in enhancing plant growth and productivity. However, their interaction with soil minerals can influence the bioavailability of potentially toxic elements, such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium. These elements can be naturally occurring or result from anthropogenic activities, posing significant risks to plant health and human consumption. The application of lime, or calcium carbonate, is a traditional method used to amend acidic soils, raising the pH to a more neutral level. This adjustment is crucial as it directly impacts the solubility and hence, mobility of toxic minerals in the soil. At lower pH levels, certain toxic metals, like aluminium and manganese, become more soluble, increasing their availability to plants. By elevating the soil pH, lime reduces the solubility of these metals, consequently diminishing their uptake by plants. Moreover, lime can induce a phenomenon known as “immobilisation” or “precipitation” of toxic metals, effectively reducing their bioavailability. For example, the application of lime can lead to the formation of phosphate minerals in soils treated with phosphorus-rich fertilisers, which can immobilise lead by converting it into less bioavailable forms. However, the interaction between fertiliser, lime, and soil minerals is highly complex and depends on various factors including soil type, climate, and crop species. Excessive use of fertilisers can lead to the accumulation of certain toxic metals, highlighting the importance of balanced and informed application strategies. Dr Rajendram emphasises that “managing soil health requires a holistic approach, considering both the benefits and potential risks associated with fertiliser and lime use. By understanding and applying scientific principles, farmers can mitigate the impact of toxic minerals, ensuring sustainable and safe agricultural practices.” Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

In the evolving landscape of agriculture, the perception of certain plants has transformed from mere weeds to indispensable contributors to sustainable farming. As Dr. Gordon Rajendram aptly notes, “These herbs were considered weeds about 20 years or more.” Among these transformative plants, Plantain and Chicory have emerged as crucial players, challenging conventional notions and proving their worth in modern farming practices. “These herbs were considered weeds about 20 years or more. These tend to take up more/ different nutrients than ryegrass/clover pastures only. It is better to have multi-species in a sward than just a few species such as ryegrass/clover.” – Soil Scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram Plantain Pasture Perfection: Plantain has earned its stripes as a valuable component in pasture mixtures. Its adaptability to various soil types and climates makes it a resilient and dependable choice for farmers. When included in pasture mixtures, Plantain contributes to the overall nutritional content, providing a diverse range of vitamins and minerals for grazing livestock. Soil Health Booster: Beyond its role in animal fodder, Plantain acts as a natural soil conditioner. Its deep-rooted system helps in breaking up compacted soils, improving water infiltration, and enhancing nutrient cycling. This not only benefits the plant itself but also neighbouring crops, fostering a healthier and more fertile environment. Medicinal Fodder: Farmers often appreciate Plantain for its medicinal properties. Livestock grazing on Plantain may experience health benefits, as the plant is known for its anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory properties. This dual-purpose functionality makes Plantain a holistic addition to farming practices. Chicory Versatile Crop: Chicory, with its varied uses, has found a niche in farming systems. Beyond its role as an animal fodder, especially in drought-prone regions, Chicory is cultivated for its roots, leaves, and flowers. This versatility adds economic value to its cultivation, providing farmers with multiple avenues for utilisation. Root Crop Harvest: The young, scraped roots of Chicory are harvested and can be boiled, offering a nutritious supplement for livestock. Additionally, the roots have a unique application as a coffee substitute. Commercially, the roots are extracted, dried, roasted, and ground to produce a caffeine-free hot beverage, further expanding its market potential. Fodder for Health: As a drought-tolerant vegetable, Chicory is increasingly gaining popularity in New Zealand for animal fodder. When integrated with other herbs in pasture mixtures, Chicory contributes to creating nutritious forage, promoting overall livestock health. Medicinal Applications: Chicory doesn’t just stop at being a fodder crop. Its leaves and roots have medicinal applications, serving as remedies for jaundice, spleen problems, and inflammation. The infusion of dried Chicory root is utilized as a tonic, mild laxative, and diuretic, showcasing its diverse benefits beyond the realm of agriculture. In conclusion, the journey of Plantain and Chicory from being deemed as weeds to agricultural allies echoes Dr. Gordon Rajendram’s wisdom. Embracing the concept of multi-species pastures, enriched by the inclusion of these transformative plants, stands as a testament to the evolving landscape of sustainable farming. As we continue to rewrite the narrative around these “former weeds,” we pave the way for a more resilient, nutrient-rich, and ecologically balanced future in agriculture. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

In the heart of New Zealand’s Waikato region, Dr. Gordon Rajendram, a distinguished soil scientist, stands at the forefront of agricultural research, particularly in the realm of soil health. His work not only delves into the intricate science behind liming but also addresses the critical balance between its agricultural benefits and potential environmental repercussions. Liming soil, a practice essential for neutralising acidity and fostering optimal plant growth, has been a focal point of Dr. Rajendram’s extensive research. With a wealth of knowledge cultivated over years of dedicated study, he emphasises, “Liming contributes significantly to soil health and structure, offering a multifaceted approach to sustainable agriculture.” Understanding the science behind liming is imperative for farmers looking to optimise their crop yields. Dr. Rajendram elucidates the relationship between soil pH and nutrient availability, highlighting the role of liming in regulating pH levels. “By stabilising soil pH, liming creates an environment where essential nutrients become more readily available to plants, promoting their overall health and productivity,” he affirms. However, as with any agricultural practice, the benefits of liming must be weighed against potential environmental impacts. Dr. Rajendram acknowledges this delicate balance, stating, “While liming enhances soil fertility, it is imperative to manage its application judiciously to prevent adverse environmental effects.” One notable concern is the risk of nutrient leaching, which can compromise water quality and harm aquatic ecosystems. Sustainable liming practices, guided by thorough soil testing and analysis, offer a solution to this challenge. Farmers, armed with the insights provided by Dr. Rajendram, can adopt responsible practices that align with both agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. The environmental implications of liming soil underscore the necessity for a nuanced and thoughtful approach. Dr. Gordon Rajendram’s extensive research and dedication to sustainable agriculture not only contribute to the thriving crops of the Waikato region but also serve as a beacon for responsible environmental stewardship. As farmers navigate the dynamics of liming soil, they are guided by the wisdom of a soil scientist committed to the delicate equilibrium between agricultural progress and ecological resilience. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

When it comes to liming soil for diverse crops, a personalised approach is not just a suggestion—it’s a practical necessity. Dr. Gordon Rajendram, a seasoned agricultural scientist deeply entrenched in the field, has consistently stressed the importance of understanding the unique needs of each crop. It becomes the key to unlocking the full potential of the harvest. “In the world of agriculture, precision is the best ally. Tailoring liming practices for different crops ensures the creation of an environment where each plant can thrive optimally,” emphasises Dr. Rajendram. Taking potatoes and brassicas as examples—they prefer slightly acidic to neutral soils, while blueberries thrive in a more acidic environment. Aligning liming practices with these preferences is more than just a strategy; it’s a practical way to provide the right conditions for each crop’s success. Timing matters. Some crops benefit from pre-planting liming, while others may need it during the growing season. Crop rotation and historical soil conditions should guide farmers in determining the best time for liming. This practical approach ensures that crops get the lime boost precisely when needed, maximising growth and yield. Farmers should not overlook the quantity of lime applied. Different crops have different tolerance levels to soil acidity, and an excess of lime can upset the balance. Practical farmers rely on soil testing and analysis to pinpoint the exact amount of lime needed for specific crops and soil conditions. In the end, tailoring liming practices is all about practicality and optimisation. It’s about recognising the distinct needs of each crop and making adjustments accordingly. By doing so, farmers aren’t just supporting the health and productivity of their crops—they are embodying practical, sustainable agriculture that respects the individual requirements of diverse plant species. Personalised liming becomes the ticket to a thriving and balanced agricultural ecosystem. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay phillip@mediapa.co.nz 027 458 7724 www.mediapa.co.nz

Amidst the picturesque landscapes of New Zealand’s agriculture, Dr. Gordon Rajendram stands as a beacon of expertise and commitment in the realm of soil health. Armed with a Ph.D. from Waikato University and a wealth of experience garnered during his 22 years at AgResearch’s Ruakura Research Centre, Dr. Rajendram is a distinguished figure in the field of soil science. A Pioneer in Soil Fertility: Dr. Rajendram, with over 70 publications and six patents to his name, has been at the forefront of soil fertility research in New Zealand. His extensive contributions have been pivotal in advancing the agricultural industry. Notably, during his tenure at AgResearch, he developed two field-calibrated soil tests for Nitrogen and Sulphur, both integral components of the Overseer nutrient model used for agronomic advice nationwide. Personalised Approach: What sets Dr. Rajendram apart is his commitment to a personalised approach in his interactions with farmers. Believing in the importance of face-to-face communication, he continues to visit farms across New Zealand. This personal touch allows him to understand the specific challenges faced by each farmer, ensuring that his recommendations are tailored to their unique needs. Independent Fertiliser Consultant: Dr. Rajendram’s independence is a cornerstone of his consultancy services, bringing over 35 years of experience in analytical testing development, applied research, and consulting to farmers and fertiliser companies. Unlinked to any fertiliser company, he provides farmers with unbiased and expert advice. His dedication to offering the most accurate guidance aligns with his mission to help farmers enhance the quality of their soil and achieve sustainable success. Commitment to Sustainable Agriculture: Dr. Rajendram’s commitment to sustainable farming practices is evident in his research on nutrient leaching, which has been incorporated into the Overseer nutrient model. This dedication extends beyond the laboratory, as he actively works towards helping New Zealand farmers maximise their soil potential for increased efficiency, sustainability, and profitability. Conclusion: In the dynamic landscape of New Zealand agriculture, Dr. Gordon Rajendram’s journey from pioneering soil fertility research to independent consulting showcases a lifelong commitment to the betterment of farming practices. His invaluable contributions, personalised approach, and unwavering dedication to sustainability make him a trusted advisor for farmers seeking to unlock the full potential of their soil for a more efficient, sustainable, and profitable future. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay 027 458 7724 phillip@mediapa.co.nz www.mediapa.co.nz

An opinion piece by Hamilton-based soil scientist Dr. Gordon Rajendram In New Zealand, where agriculture and gardening are vital components of the economy and lifestyle, understanding and optimizing soil health, including soil fertility in New Zealand, is crucial for successful crop production and gardening. Soil testing and analysis are powerful tools that provide valuable insights into soil composition, nutrient levels, and other critical factors that influence plant growth. Here, we explore some key techniques for soil testing and analysis that benefit New Zealand’s farmers and gardeners while addressing the importance of soil health, farm profitability, and farming practices in New Zealand. Soil Sampling: The process begins with soil sampling, where small samples are collected from various locations in the garden or field. Sampling should be representative of the entire area and consider variations in soil types. Soil pH Testing: Soil pH is a fundamental parameter that determines nutrient availability. In New Zealand, the optimal pH range varies depending on the crop or plant, but most prefer slightly acidic to neutral soils. Soil pH can be measured using pH testing kits or digital pH meters. Nutrient Analysis and Fertilisation: New Zealand soils can be nutrient deficient, and nutrient analysis is essential to understand what fertilizers or soil amendments are needed. Standard soil tests assess essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but micronutrients like copper, boron and zinc should also be considered. Organic Matter and Texture: Determining the organic matter content of the soil and its texture (sandy, loamy, clayey) provides insights into soil structure and water retention. Organic matter content is crucial for fertility, and the right texture is essential for root development. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC): CEC reflects the soil’s ability to retain and exchange cations (positively charged ions). Understanding CEC helps in optimizing nutrient management and reducing leaching. Soil Microbiology and Soil Health: Assessing the soil’s microbial activity, including the presence of beneficial mycorrhizal fungi, can provide insights into the biological health of the soil. Soil Contaminant Testing: In urban or industrial areas, soil contamination can be a concern, and testing for heavy metals or other contaminants is essential for ensuring food safety and environmental health. Comprehensive Analysis and Inflation in New Zealand: Many soil laboratories in New Zealand offer comprehensive soil analysis services, providing a full picture of soil health and recommendations for soil amendments. Addressing inflation in New Zealand’s agriculture sector is vital for maintaining farm profitability. Once the soil analysis is complete, farmers and gardeners can make informed decisions about soil amendments, organic matter additions, and nutrient management strategies. Regular testing and analysis are essential to monitor changes in soil health over time and make necessary adjustments to optimize plant growth and crop yields. In conclusion, soil testing and analysis techniques, as advocated by soil scientist Gordon Rajendram, are invaluable tools for New Zealand farmers and gardeners. By understanding the unique characteristics of their soil, they can implement sustainable and productive agricultural and gardening practices, contributing to the success of New Zealand’s vital agricultural sector and the beauty of its gardens. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay Phone: 0274 587 724 Email: phillip@mediapa.co.nz  Website: https://mediapa.co.nz/  Facebook: facebook.com/mediapa

An opinion piece by Dr Gordon Rajendram New Zealand’s native ecosystems are renowned for their uniqueness and biodiversity, and a hidden but crucial player in these ecosystems is mycorrhizal fungi, which plays a significant role in soil fertility in New Zealand. These remarkable organisms form symbiotic relationships with plants, aiding in nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and overall ecosystem health, underscoring the Importance of soil health. In New Zealand, mycorrhizal fungi are particularly important for the vitality of the country’s native flora and Farm profitability. Symbiotic Partners and Soil Health: Mycorrhizal fungi, as highlighted by soil scientist Dr Gordon Rajendram, Hamilton, establish mutually beneficial partnerships with the roots of most plant species in New Zealand. There are two primary types of mycorrhizal associations: ectomycorrhizal (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM). Both types play vital roles in native ecosystems, enhancing soil health: Ectomycorrhizal (EM) Fungi: These fungi form a sheath around the roots and assist in nutrient absorption, particularly in tree species like the iconic New Zealand kauri, beech, and pine. EM fungi enhance the ability of these trees to extract nutrients from the soil, promoting their growth and survival, and contributing to soil fertility in New Zealand. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi and Fertilisation: These fungi penetrate the root cells of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and many native species. They provide a range of benefits, including improved access to essential nutrients like phosphorus, enhanced tolerance to environmental stress, and resistance to pathogens, impacting Fertilisation strategies. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health and Recession: The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand’s native ecosystems cannot be overstated. These fungi contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem health, addressing the challenges of Recession: Nutrient Cycling and Inflation in New Zealand: Mycorrhizal fungi aid in nutrient cycling by improving plant nutrient acquisition. This facilitates the growth of a diverse array of plant species and enhances the overall health of the ecosystem. Plant Succession and Farming Practices in New Zealand: In disturbed areas, mycorrhizal fungi play a vital role in the facilitation of plant succession, allowing for the recovery of native vegetation and the restoration of ecosystem functions, impacting farming practices in New Zealand. Erosion Control and Farm profitability: The establishment of mycorrhizal associations contributes to improved soil structure and stability, reducing soil erosion in native ecosystems, ultimately affecting farm profitability. Resilience to Climate Change and Soil Health: Mycorrhizal fungi can enhance plant resilience to changing environmental conditions, such as drought or altered soil chemistry, helping native species adapt to climate change while addressing soil health. Recognising the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in New Zealand’s native ecosystems, especially regarding soil fertility in New Zealand, is fundamental to the conservation and restoration of these unique environments. Protecting the health of these symbiotic relationships contributes to the preservation of the country’s unparalleled biodiversity and the sustainability of its ecological treasures. As New Zealand continues its efforts in ecosystem conservation, the role of mycorrhizal fungi remains a pivotal piece of the puzzle in maintaining the health of its native flora. Contact Dr Gordon Rajendram 021 466077 rajendram@xtra.co.nz www.gordonrajendramsoilscientist.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay Phone: 0274 587 724 Email: phillip@mediapa.co.nz  Website: https://mediapa.co.nz/ Facebook: facebook.com/mediapa

The countdown is underway as Agraforum NZ gears up for its inaugural appearance at the Southern Field Days next month where it will not just be about showcasing revolutionary products; but also a vision that goes beyond economic benefits. This also marks a momentous return for the three-day Southern Field Days after a four-year hiatus. The transformation of the Waimumu site from sheep paddocks to a bustling venue with over 700 exhibitors has officially commenced. “Part of what we do is for the good of the land, it’s a great country we have here,” emphasises Agraforum’s managing director, Allan Piercy. In a country as remarkable as New Zealand, Agraforum recognises the importance of stewardship for sustainability, and their products extend beyond providing economic advantages. The agricultural solutions offered by Agraforum come with compliance and environmental pluses, contributing to an approach that benefits both farmers and the environment. The Southern Field Days, scheduled for February 14-16 , at Waimumu near Gore, is a key event that draws farmers, industry professionals, and agricultural enthusiasts from across the region. Agraforum’s participation in this prestigious event underscores their commitment to engaging with the farming community, sharing insights, and fostering a dialogue about the future of agriculture. Beyond the economic benefits, Agraforum’s mission is simple yet profound: they want farmers to see better results through products firmly rooted in proven science. The focus on science underscores the commitment to delivering solutions that are not just innovative but also backed by rigorous research and testing. The Southern Field Days promise not only a showcase of innovative agricultural solutions but also a dynamic program for attendees. Starting on Wednesday, 14th February, with the Tractor Pull Briefing at 8:30 am, the event includes Tractor Pull Heats, Farm Innovation Awards judging, and a Chairman and Mayoral Welcome, offering a day packed with agricultural insights and entertainment. Thursday brings more excitement with the Tractor Pull and the NZFC South Island Doubles Fencing Competition, concluding with a family-friendly Kids Colouring in Competition prize-giving. The final day, Friday, features presentations, the highly anticipated Tractor Pull Final, and the thrilling Speedshear event at the MLT Bar. This diverse program ensures a captivating experience for all attendees. As Agraforum steps onto the stage at the Southern Field Days, visitors can expect more than just a display of products; they can anticipate a conversation about the future of farming—one that prioritises sustainability, compliance, and, above all, better results for those who work the land. Agraforum is not just joining an event; they are contributing to a narrative that shapes the future of agriculture in New Zealand. Wednesday 14th February 2024 8.30am – Tractor Pull Briefing (Times may vary due to the weather. Listen to the PA) 9.00am – Tractor Pull Heats 9.00am – Farm Innovation Awards – Judging begins 11:00am – Chairman & Mayoral Welcome in front of Office Thursday 15th February 2024 8.30am – Tractor Pull Briefing (Times may vary due to the weather. Listen to the PA) 8.30am – NZFC South Island Doubles Fencing Competition (Judges Briefing) Demonstration Area. South Islands leading fencers are lining up to compete in this national level fencing competition. 9.00am – Tractor Pull Heats 11:30am – Prize giving for Kids Colouring in Competition out the front of the office Friday 16th February 2024 12:00pm – Presentations in front of the Office. 1:00pm – Tractor Pull Final (approximate, listen to the P.A.) 2:30pm – Speedshear (at the MLT Bar) Check out Agraforums updated website to learn more about what they can bring to the table. http://www.agraforum.co.nz Southern Field Days www.southernfielddays.co.nz Contact Agraforum Mobile: 0274 485 159Email: allan@agraforum.co.nz www.agraforum.co.nz Contact Phillip Quay phillip@mediapa.co.nzP: 0274 587 724www.mediapa.co.nz

In the world of agriculture, Agraforum stands out as a beacon of innovation, offering a suite of groundbreaking products designed to transform the way we nurture our crops. With a focus on enhancing soil health and plant metabolism, Agraforum’s offerings are ushering in a new era of sustainable and high-yield farming. EnviroCal, a key player in Agraforum’s arsenal, introduces ionised calcium to the soil, triggering swift transformations in both soil structure and plant metabolism. Thus deepening the the aerobic zone and improving water holding capacity. The result is a cascade of benefits, including stimulated growth of soil microbes, and improved overall plant health. This, in turn, translates to higher-quality feed and less irrigation needed. ComCat takes a natural approach by activating growth and defense mechanisms within plants. Boosting the communication of genetic messages, and bolstering resistance to diseases and pests as well as accelerating root and leaf growth. Meanwhile, ZumSil provides a shield against insects, diseases, and water stress, improving mineral uptake and soil texture. Peptonic steps in with concentrated minerals, fortifying plants against extreme weather conditions and optimizing photosynthesis and flowering.  ReSTORE, another gem in the Agraforum collection, is the remedy for plants damaged by herbicides, ensuring optimal growth and reducing susceptibility to alternative yields. Crop Candy, with its focus on photosynthesis, even flowering, and metabolism, minimises stress in plants. ERGO CALF Shed Spray addresses respiratory health in calves, reducing mortality and ammonia levels without disrupting livestock. ECO Flush targets pond health, reducing solids and unpleasant odors, ensuring efficient nutrient absorption when irrigated back onto the farm. Due to the break down nature, cleaning of effluent ponds will be unecessary. MSR plays a pivotal role in increasing mineral content, revitalise depleted soil, supply phosphates to enhance yields, and reduce reliance on conventional chemicals. Containing 74 of the 121 available minerals in the world, this product takes care of mineral deficiency in the soil.  AnnGro serves as a water soluble uptake enhancer, aiding in the affect of substances like pesticides and liquid nutrients. This innovative solution empowers farmers to efficiently boost their mineral uptake and effectiveness of sprays. Agraforum’s commitment to sustainable agriculture is evident in its comprehensive product lineup, promising not just increased yields but a healthier and more resilient farming ecosystem. As we navigate the challenges of modern agriculture, Agraforum’s revolutionary products serve as a beacon, pointing the way to a greener, more prosperous future. Contact Agraforum Mobile: 0274 485 159Email: allan@agraforum.co.nz www.agraforum.co.nz Contact Phillip Quayphillip@mediapa.co.nzP: 0274 587 724www.mediapa.co.nz